Top Python Programmer Interview Questions

Python is one of the most in-demand skills in the programming domain. It is a computer programming language which is object-oriented and can effectively run on different platforms including UNIX, Windows, Linux, and Mac. This language is easy to learn and also requires lesser codes to curate applications. You can master this language with top Python courses and certifications. In this article, we will explore most frequently asked python programming interview questions so that you can be fully prepared.

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Why study Python?

Let's look at some reports. TIOBE, one of the leading trackers of programming languages has ranked Python as the No. 1 programming language. The developer's favourite language is winning the top rank for the second time in a row. Its tough competitors were Java and C programming. And according to PYPL, another authoritative language ranking platform, Python is the top language in all five countries (US, United Kingdom, Germany, India, France). Also, Python, which is ranked first, has a 12 percent advantage over Java, which is ranked second. Some of the top companies and organisations that are using Python are Google, NASA, Intel, IBM,Facebook, Spotify, JP Morgan Chase, Pixar, Netflix and so on. All of these would be ample reasons for you to prep yourself with these python programming interview questions.

Top Industries

Let's take a look at some top industries that you can enter once you crack these python programming interview questions

• Artificial Intelligence
• Machine Learning
• Software Development
• Web Development
• Gaming
• Data Science
• E-Commerce
• Education
• Health care Management

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Now let's explore some of the top interview questions for python developer that you need to be ready for.

Python programming interview questions

Q.1 What does lambda mean in python and explain its use?

A. One of the most crucial python programming interview questions that you need to be thorough with, this is an important function in Python. Lambda can accept any number of arguments and is an anonymous function in Python but can only have a single expression. It is usually used in situations requiring a temporary function for a short time period. This makes the code more efficient and easier to execute without storing permanent information in the form of clunky variables. Essentially Lambda can be used in two major ways:

Assigning Lambda to a variable.

multiply = lambda a, b : a * b

print (mul(3,5))

#output =>10

Wrapping lambda within a function.

def ourWrapper(a):

return lambda b : b*a

mulFive = ourWrapper (5)

print (mulFive(2))

#output=>10

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Q.2 How does copying an object work in python?

A. A relatively simpler interview questions for python developer, take note to be cautious with questions as such as this. The interviewer wants to know if you have a strong foundation. You cannot copy an object in python using the “=” assignment operator. The operator however creates a binding between the existing object and the target variable name. There are 2 major methods involved in copying.

Shallow Copying: The copied object built has an exact copy of the values in the original object bit-wise.

Deep copying: copies all variables recursively from the main source to the created target object, i.e. it even duplicates the objects referenced by the main source object.

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Q.3 What are namespaces in python?

A. Another one of the easy python programming interview questions, the answer to this is as follows. The name which is assigned to each object in python is referred to as namespaces. The objects are in the form of variables and functions. As the objects are created, their name along with space (the address of the external function in which the object is), gets created.

They are majorly 4 types:

Built-in: Available whenever python is running, they contain all built-in objects.

Global: They comprise of the objects created at the main program level.

Enclosing: These are the namespaces at the outer function level.

Local: These are the namespaces of the inner function level.

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Q.4 What is slicing in python?

A. One of the more prominent python programming interview questions for experienced professionals, freshers also take care to know this. Slicing comes in handy when one needs to access parts of sequences like lists, tuples, and strings.

Here is the syntax: [start:end:step]

On writing the syntax [start:end] python returns all the elements of the sequence from the beginning to the end -1 element. If the ending to starting variable is negative, it suggests that the n element is from the end.

The step signifies the jump or how many elements must be bounced.

Let us take an example of a list [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7].

Then [-1:2:2] will give us the elements starting from the last element till the third element by printing every second element.i.e. [7,5,4].

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Q.5 How is memory managed in python?

A. There are multiple efficient ways in which python manages memory. Here is a quick list.

• Memory is managed by python heap space. All the objects including data structures are located in a private heap. The python interpreter takes care of everything, and the programmer does not have access to this private heap.

• The memory manager takes care of the allocation of the heap space. The programmer code takes the help of core APIs to access some tools.

• Python also comprises of an inbuilt garbage collector, which recycles all the unused memory so that it can be made accessible to the heap space.

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Q. 6 Explain self in python?

A. One of the easiest python programming interview questions for freshers, these types can be mastered with some certification courses or tutorials. In Python an instance or an object of a class is called Self. In the language, this is explicitly included as the first parameter. It differs from Java. In the Java coding language, self is optional.

It helps to differentiate among the methods and attributes of a class with local variables.

The self-variable in the init method refers to the freshly created object while in other methods, it refers to the object whose method was called previously.

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Q. 7 How is Python interpreted?

A. This is one of the top python programming interview questions for freshers. But experts should also watch out. Python is a coding language that is not interpreted or compiled, instead, Python is a bytecode (set of interpreter readable instructions) interpreted generally.

• Source code is a file with the extension .py.

• Python compiles the source code to a collection of instructions for a virtual machine. The Python interpreter is an execution of that virtual machine. This intermediate format is known as “bytecode”.

• .py source code first compiles to give .pyc, which is bytecode. This bytecode can be then interpreted by the official CPython or JIT (Just in Time compiler) compiled by PyPy.

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Q.8 How does Python implement dictionaries?

A. Hash tables are a technology using which Python tables can be implemented. Python uses the hash to determine the position of the key-value pair. It does so, after the preallocation of 8 empty rows. Individual rows take up approx. 24 bytes on a 64-bit architecture, 12 bytes on 32-bit architecture. If a row is vacant, an entry can be made in it. However, if a row is engaged, CPython takes the hash and key into consideration.

No issues arise if the key and the hash match but if they don’t, probing occurs. Probing is defined as a method to screen each row to find an empty one in a pseudo-random order.

If all the rows are occupied, it reports a failure. The chief reason for the use of Python for the dictionaries is that it implements the open addressing collision resolution method. This resolves the collisions of hash that occur when two or more keys produce the same hash. Python utilizes an open addressing technique to resolve these collisions. In accordance with Python 3.6, a new algorithm can make the dictionaries take up less space and order them according to individual key insertions. These python programming interview questions for freshers test your technical mastery over Python. So start with practical projects. This way you create an awesome portfolio and master Python along the way.

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Q.9 How can one differentiate between a list and a tuple using Python?

A. Lists are a popular choice of data types in Python. The chief difference between a list and a tuple is the compound objects namely tuple consists of immutable compound objects and lists consist of mutable objects.

This enables the utilization of tuple upon data sets which require to be faster. It is widely applied in cases if the data is not subjected to a variety of changes in order to make the processing time efficient. However, lists are employed if the priority is flexibility over the size of the memory usage.

Lists comprise homogenous sequences which means that they have ordered. On the other hand, the entries in tuples have different meanings. Tuple has structures that make them a good option along with instances and classes.

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Q.10 What is Python Enhancement Proposal?

A. One of the tougher interview questions for python developer, this will test the in-depth knowledge of the professional as well the fresher. The Python Enhancement Proposal (PEP) aids in code-writing in accordance with a distinct set of rules. It was written in the year 2001 by Guido van Rossum, Barry Warsaw, and Nick Coghlan. It is utilized in the cases of codebases written by more than one developer.

It is the coding style of individual developers which makes the code more readable and reliable. PEP enables that making the writing style predictive and unvarying. The official library for PEPs is https://github.com/python/peps.

The Indentation method includes the usage of spaces. The most employed way is using 4 spaces for indentation. This also varies with Python 2 where the code indented with spaces and tabs as well, is converted to only spaces. Whereas, in Python 3, there is no mixing of the two allowed along with indentation. Indentation is important to know the information that each statement executes upon calling a function or condition trigger.

Another aspect of this is block comments. They are indented on the same level as the code to simplify complex codes. These type of python programming interview questions for freshers can target experienced professionals as well, so make sure to brush up your knowledge on python.

Conclusion

We have come to the end of this article, and hope that through this you have understood the most sought after top python programming interview questions. These will ultimately allow one to bag great job opportunities. Also, these python programming interview questions for freshers as well as experienced will help the recruiters decide on some of the best Python developers. That could be you.

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